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class="y xi2 xw1"></a> <h1 class="xs2 icon"><img src="static/image/filetype/image.gif" border="0" class="vm" alt="" /> 请问光学准直仪与多面棱体配合测量角度的原理: 440.JPG</h1> </div> <div class="bm_c xld"> <div class="attbox_right_ad"> </div> <div class="attbox_left"> <ul> <li>打开方式: 图片查看器</li> <li>资料大小: 1.12 MB</li> <li>下载次数: 489</li> <li>上传会员: <a href="attachcenter-list.html?uid=1968" target="_blank" style="color:#FF9900">ds1234567</a></li> <li>上传时间: 2012-09-28</li> <li>本站网址: <a href="http://zfw.oecr.com/">zfw.oecr.com</a></li> <li><a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/thread-253849-1-1.html" target="_blank">查看资料所在的主题</a></li> <li><a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=attachment&aid=NzIzMjZ8ZDAyZDIxYzJ8MTc1MTYxNjM0MHwwfDA%3D" target="_blank" style="color:#FF9900">下载资料 </a></li> </ul> </div> <DIV style="CLEAR: both"></DIV> <b>欢迎下载本站资料，下载前请先登录您的社区账号。</b></div> </div> <DIV style="CLEAR: both"></DIV> <div class="bm cl" style="padding:5px;"> <p><button type="submit" class="pn vm" onclick="setCopy('http://zfw.oecr.com/plugin.php?id=attachcenter:page&aid=72326', '链接已经复制到剪贴板');" type="submit"> <em>复制链接推荐给好友</em></button> <input type="text" class="px vm" onclick="this.select();setCopy(this.value, '链接已经复制到剪贴板');" value="http://zfw.oecr.com/plugin.php?id=attachcenter:page&aid=72326" size="50" /></p> </div> <div class="bm"> <div class="bm_c xld"> <b>请问光学准直仪与多面棱体配合测量角度的原理:</b><div class="postmsg">请问光学准直仪与多面棱体配合测量角度的原理，光学准直仪是德国Moller-Wedel，多面棱体为24面，不太明白测角的原理。希望高手指点</div> <div class="postmsg">光学自准，多面棱体基准定位，光学分度读数。</div> <div class="postmsg">我可能没说清楚。多面棱体转动的时候，光电准直仪发射的激光点会反射回到准直仪的镜头上，同时有一个与准直仪相连的仪器会读出数据，以Muller-Wedel准直仪为例，读数为X-axis和Y-axis的坐标，我就是不太明白这个坐标代表的角度与实际多面棱体转动的角度有什么关系。用这种方法检定的原理是什么</div> <div class="postmsg"><i class="pstatus"> 本帖最后由 ds1234567 于 2012-9-22 19:23 编辑 </i><br /> <br /> 这是在检定仪器度盘的精度，假定度盘0度和24面体0度一起绕X轴转动，在一个垂轴截面的圆上可以看到同步转动的24面体的自准像。仪器输出绕x轴的每15度角的读数，虽然仪器可以细分1,296,000等分，但是由于各种误差不能达到1秒的精度，24面体是标准器，可以到0.2秒。测量时每转15度自准直光管压瞄一次返回像，读一下当前仪器显示值，然后抄录24面体标定值及修正值。读取若干周，然后进行数据处理。Y值应很小，保证是在垂轴截面上测量的。以后度盘1度和24面体0度一起绕X轴转动，等等。最后评价仪器精度，给一系列修正值。</div> <div class="postmsg">首先感谢这位专家的解释，实际情况是修正值有正有负，那么怎么计算最后的鉴定角度呢，比如说都是加，还是都是减</div> <div class="postmsg"><i class="pstatus"> 本帖最后由 ds1234567 于 2012-9-24 09:48 编辑 </i><br /> <br /> 用23面体检测过一个，你看看,分别从120,240度开始，可以得到5、10、15、20、25等等的修正值，然后插入1234度。<br /> </div> <div class="postmsg">这位专家，我看到了您提供的数据。有几个问题：1. 我们测量的时候是把24面多面棱体通过一个工装固定到电机的旋转轴上，当然电机轴是水平的，然后令多面棱体的某一个面垂直，再用准直光管对准棱体的这个面，最后旋转电机开始每转15°测量一组数据。您说的“<strong>一个垂轴截面</strong>”是不是与一开始与电机轴垂直的我们自己定的多面棱体的面，还是别的什么面。2. 我们每次用Muller-Wedel测量的时候，有一个X-axis和Y-axis数值，我可以认为X-axis是轴向跳动，一般不会太大。那么Y-axis是径向跳动(也是角秒级的)，在您的数据里反映的是那一项“测量误差，棱镜误差还是实际误差”。3. 按照您的意思，从0°起的理论数据每隔15°测量一次，理论值就应该是初始的角度再每次加15°，为什么理论值也有不同。4. 初始的角度任意取会如何，比如说从100多度或者200多度开始测量，是不是都是一样的。恳请赐教！</div> <div class="postmsg">好像刚才理解有误，针对第3个问题，你的数据是23面多面棱体，这样的话每转一个面就应该是360/23=15.6522°，这就应该是每一次理论上旋转的增量。这样就对应上了。那么为什么棱镜误差每一次转都不一样呢</div> <div class="postmsg">您上次回帖子说到的“分别从120,240度开始，可以得到5、10、15、20、25等等的修正值，然后插入1234度”，数据应该是从0°开始的，为什么说从120°和240°开始，另外插入1234度是什么意思</div> <div class="postmsg">是这样，23面体的0度对被测度盘的0度，测第一遍，这一遍这测了23个点，15.6度一个点。然后再将23面体的0度对仪器的120度，测第二遍，最后用23面体的0度对读盘的240度，测第三遍，一共测69个点，大约是5度、10度、15度，当然少3个点造成（72-69）不正好。这时我问你，1度度盘修正量是多少，2度度盘修正量是多少，你会答不出来，你要用这69个点绘制一条修正曲线，这条曲线是仪器误差曲线，缺的（360-69）291个都取自曲线。你的是24面体，你也可以将2者从0度、1、2、3、。。。13、14对齐，实测15遍，360度全涵盖。我当时是验收仪器，测量精度达到技术要求就完工了。</div> <div class="postmsg">很感谢这位专家的指点。您说的最终的“仪器误差曲线”就应该是您表格里面的“实际误差”而不是“测量误差”，最终结果应该包含有棱镜误差，是这样的吧。</div> <div class="postmsg">以基准测样品，转动时24面体自准像每次上下移动时都与分化板水平线重合，然后读被测仪器的测量值。把24面体角度当真值。测量值-真值=误差<br /> 24面体在制造时，轴与底部基面，基面与小平面是严格垂直的，这就保证绕轴旋转时，每个小平面都平行于轴。当电机轴水平放置时，那个平行差表现为左右夹角，转动时表现为x轴晃动。<br /> 那些数据是在哈工大测量的，我给你发一个哈工大的文章，他的图2是将旋转轴垂直，这样有利于自准直仪精确读数。自准直仪水平方向的鼓轮可以读10秒，只用中间部分测量精度高些。所以x向是转角。<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> </div> <div class="postmsg">看到了您的深入解释，我们在实际测量中没有使用分化板，Muller-Wedel可以直接清零。我们就按照对准的初始位置清零后开始测量的，由于工装把多面棱体和电机轴固定得很紧，所以X轴晃动(X-axis)很小。直接测Y轴晃动即Y-axis。您说的测量若干个点后直接通过曲线插值计算实际仪器误差曲线很有道理。我也是哈工大的，那篇文章文章的作者我也认识，可以以后继续探讨。不过还是要感谢您的热心。</div> <div class="postmsg">我那个检法太简单，就是找最大误差，不是检定系统误差，目的是验收。<br /> 你看一看“光学测量与仪器”第439页，直接测量法。那里讲了数据处理问题，书上的是用精密测角仪检8面体，你是用23面体检度盘，需要换位思考。那个23面体测量，将23面体按序号正转和反转两次差异，可能包含轴系误差对测角的影响；<br /> 我有一个问题没太考虑好，用谐波分析法处理数据可能更好些，因为转2pai周期的数据包含各种误差，轴系误差是2阶误差，将2阶以下都去掉就是纯转角差。可是实际使用又包含这些误差，而角晃动、双周误差又是随机的，因为我不做、没深入考虑，不负责任，随便了了。最后误差分析会给精度的。</div> <div class="postmsg">真是太感谢了。发觉越深入进去问题越多，你说的“光学测量与仪器”是书，还是国标，我在亚马逊和当当上都找了，没有。能否告诉我是哪家出版社的，我想买一本过来，好好阅读。您说的谐波分析法也是处理系统误差的，不过实际处理的时候都把随机误差折算到一起去了。因为多次测量取平均值，再加上检测仪器的精度课已在某种程度上抑制随机误差。</div> <div class="postmsg">是书哇，国防工业出版社，1056页。检测齿轮、检测度盘都用谐波分析。要明确回答某个误差是多少。</div> <div class="postmsg">您说的《光学测量与仪器》是1978年过国防工业出版社的书，1056页，现在都没有了，您那本在哪里买到的，我在网上看有卖电子书的，不知道是否为真伪。劳驾您能帮助把这书的封皮照下来，发给我。好吗。</div> <div class="postmsg">书皮和目录<br /> <img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/2034315z5gzruyngn0ang9.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width>600)this.width=600;"><br /> <img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/203607924g9n5mgmeggmsw.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width>600)this.width=600;"><br /> <img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/2037292o3c73povh33c9pp.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width>600)this.width=600;"><br /> <img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/204017cqvyqv8oo8cj9k8r.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width>600)this.width=600;"><br /> <br /> 我把那3页半也用手机拍下来了，你先看看。<br /> 439页，半页。<br /> <img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/2041354edyrd4249er1e4e.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width>600)this.width=600;"><br /> 440页<br /> <img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/204225ih3u94e000euv0cr.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width>600)this.width=600;"><br /> 441页<br /> <img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/204312pi8ninzium699m97.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width>600)this.width=600;"><br /> 442页<br /> <img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/204402r48r3fxi4uuf30xu.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width>600)this.width=600;"><br /> 可能公式符号看不清，我又局部放大拍照一些<br /> </div> <img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/204225ih3u94e000euv0cr.jpg" alt="请问光学准直仪与多面棱体配合测量角度的原理: 440.JPG" title="请问光学准直仪与多面棱体配合测量角度的原理: 440.JPG" onload="javascript:if(this.width>600)this.width=600;"> <div style="height200px;"></div> <ul class="xl xl2 cl" style="border-top: 1px #cccccc dashed;margin:5px 0 ;padding-top:5px"> <dl><b> 同一主题资料:</b></dl><dl class='icon'><img src="static/image/filetype/rar.gif" border="0" class="vm" alt="" /> <a href="attachcenter-page.html?aid=72329" title="Desktop.rar">Desktop.rar</a> <font color="#AAAAAA">(7.05 MB)</font> </dl> <dl style="margin:10px 1px;display:inline"><a href="attachcenter-page.html?aid=72328" title="442.JPG"><img src="data/attachment/forum/201209/28/204402r48r3fxi4uuf30xu.jpg" alt="442.JPG" title="442.JPG" onload="javascript:if(this.width>130)this.width=130;"></a></dl> <dl 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